7/19/2023 0 Comments Vna analyzerWhen foutput falls in the IF bandwidth, this component will be amplified and displayed. In general, the mixer output frequency is:įoutput=S*fsignal+G*fLO, where S and G are … -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,… As the first VAN receiver’s IF is normally not very high in frequency and is considerably lower in frequency than the sweep bandwidth, these distortion products can fall within the VNA frequency range. As a result, LO frequency harmonics are at higher levels than typically found in a SA receiver. To increase the stability of the first mixer conversion gain and to decrease its dependence on the LO power, the first mixer of a VNA receiver is normally operated at a point where the LO is close to saturation. ![]() The main difference between a VNA receiver and a classic spectrum analyzer (SA) receiver is that the VNA receiver has less attenuation of its own spurious responses, or spurs, especially the mixing products of the first mixer. In some cases, a VNA receiver can be used for the purposes of simplified spectrum analysis, which might include detection of self-excitation, determination of signal power and harmonic level, or spectrum deviation from an expected reference spectrum, among other parameters. Copper Mountain Technologies produces several VNA models including the Full-Size 304/1 VNA with a frequency range of 100 kHz to 3.2 GHz and 804/1 VNA with a frequency range of 100 kHz to 8.0 GHz. These instruments contain stimulus signal sources and receivers with one or more frequency converters. ![]() ![]() Vector network analyzers (VNAs) are widely used in research, manufacturing, and service environments.
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